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10/9/2014: The post-Civil War era in America was a time of reform. In addition to movements dealing with suffrage, labor, and temperance, many “…idealistic reformers turned their attention to the plight of Indian people,” or more specifically, to Indian children. In 1879, Captain Richard Henry Pratt opened the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania, the first assimilation school for Native Americans. For the next fifty years, assimilation persisted as the national policy for Indian education. Children were removed from their homes and placed into distant boarding schools where they were forced to give up native dress and beliefs – taught Christianity and white American values in their place.

10/15/2014: In 1862 the United States Congress approved an act that authorized land grant colleges. Through this system, grants of public lands were made to states and territories. The purpose was to create at least one college dedicated to agriculture in each state and territory.

10/27/2014: On this date in 1925, Warren Christopher was born in Scranton, North Dakota. He attended the University of Southern California, where he graduated magna cum laude. During World War II he served in the Navy. After the war, he graduated from Stanford Law School, and went on to serve as law clerk to Justice William O. Douglas. He later practiced with a law firm in California, and in 1958 became special counsel to Governor Pat Brown. In 1977, he was sworn in as Deputy Secretary of State, a position he held until 1981. He was instrumental in many delicate political negotiations including the Algiers Accords, relations with China, and ratification of the Panama Canal treaties. President Jimmy Carter awarded Christopher the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1981. He also received the Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official.

10/28/2014: War shapes a man; his ideas and values. This was no less true of Warren Christopher, the 63rd Secretary of State under President Bill Clinton.

4/2/2014: Visitation to the Capitol Building at Bismarck in late March of 1889 was like a spring spawning run. First there was a small trickle of visitors, but within weeks the trickle turned into a stream, and finally into a flood of hungry office seekers, maneuvering through the crowds, searching for a morsel, a promised piece of the political spoils system.

4/7/2014: In the last days of the legislative session a resolution was passed supporting the opening of the Sioux Reservation.

4/9/2014: What makes a nurse? From the historic nursing pioneer Florence Nightingale to the fictional and terrifying Nurse Ratched from One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, nurses have played an important role in society. With the lives of their patients in their hands, acting as a health front line, nurses can bring out a gamut of emotions in their charges.

4/11/2014: The town of Linton was prosperous in 1914. Located sixty miles southeast of Bismarck, Linton is the county seat of Emmons County, and it’s situated smack-dab in the county’s geographic center.

4/17/2014: X-rays were so named because this radiant energy was of unknown origin. The “X” in “X-ray” was a scientific symbol for “the unknown.” Discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895, X-rays were immediately put into practical medical use the following year.

4/23/2014: On this date in 1953, residents of Fargo prepared for the end of a medical era as two doctors who had established the Fargo clinic prepared to retire. Dr. Olaf Sand and Dr. Nils Tronnes, both of Norway, came together by chance. They both studied separately at Oslo University in Norway before travelling to the United States, brining their practice to the land of opportunity.